SPN 305: Introducción a Estudios Literarios -Otoño 2014
Hoja de Trabajo: 3. Literatura y Estudios
Culturales
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1. Some literature professors have turned away from Milton
to Madonna, from Shakespeare to soap operas…We can say that ‘theory’ is the
theory and cultural studies is the practice. (43)
2. Work on cultural studies, is in fact, deeply dependent on
the theoretical debates about meaning, identity, representation, and agency…(44)
3. What is the relation between literary studies and
cultural studies? The project of cultural studies is to understand, the
functioning of culture, particularly in the modern world: how cultural productions
work and how cultural identities are constructed and organized, for individual
and groups, in a world of diverse and intermingled communities, state power,
media industries, and multinational corporations. In principle, then, cultural
studies include and encompass literary studies, examining literature as
particular cultural practice. (44)
4. Modern Cultural Studies ancestry: (a) It comes from
French structuralism which treated culture (including literature) as a series
of practices whose rules r conventions should be described (see Roland Barthes,
Mythologies)…Investigating cultural
practices form high culture to fashion and food, Barthes’s example encouraged
the reading of the connotations of cultural images and analysis of social
functioning of the strange construction of culture. (44-45). (b) the other
source is Marxist literary theory in Britain. The work of Raymond Williams (Culture and Society) and of the founder
of the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies Richard Hoggart (The Uses of Literacy) sought to recover
and explore a popular, working-class culture as culture had been associated
with high literature. This line of thought analyzed mass culture asn oppressive
ideological formation…(45)
5. The interaction of these two analyses of culture-culture
as an expression of the people and culture as imposition on the people-has been
crucial to the development of cultural studies in Britain and then elsewhere. (45)
6. Work in CS has been particularly attuned to the
problematical character of identity and to the multiple ways in which
identities are formed, experienced, and transmitted. Particularly important,
therefore, has been the study of the unstable cultures and cultural identities
that arise from groups – ethnic minorities, immigrants, women – that may have
trouble identifying with the larger culture in which they find themselves. (47)
7. Cultural studies arose as the application of techniques
of literary analysis to other cultural materials. It treats cultural artefacts
as ‘texts’ to be read rather than as objects that are simply there to be
counted. And, conversely, literary studies may gain literature is studied as a
particular cultural practice and works are related to other discourses. (47-48)
8. Arguments about the relation between literary and
cultural studies can be grouped around two topics: (a) the Literary canon; (b)
the appropriate methods for analyzing cultural objects. (a) Theory has reinvigorated
the traditional literary canon opening the door to more ways the greats works
of English and Spanish literatures. Shakespeare is studied from every angle
conceivable…Literature that is taught day includes writings by women and
members of other historically marginalized groups…for example Asian-American
literature, US Latino literature..Such writings bring to the fore questions
about how far literature creates the culture it is said to express or
represent. (48-49). (b) Modes of analysis: Although there is not close readings
in cultural studies, they are also not required. 51. Cultural analyses involve
a shift from reading (‘close reading’) that is alert to the details of narrative
structure and attends to complexities of meaning, to a socio-political analysis.52
9. Cultural studies does not believe that its intellectual
work will make a difference… It believes that its work ‘is supposed to’ make a
difference..Historically, the ideas of studying popular culture and of making
one’s work a political intervention are closely linked. In Britain in the 1960s
and the 1970s studying working class culture had a political charge…In the US
shunning high culture and studying popular culture is not a politically radical
or resistant gesture so much as a rendering of academic of mass culture. 53…The
value of studying Shakespeare rather than soap operas can no longer be taken
from granted and needs to be argued: what can sort of studies achieve, in the
way of intellectual and moral training, for example. 54
Comentarios
Los estudios culturales se centran, tomando una idea política de transformación, en el análisis las prácticas culturales creados por grupos no mayoritarios de una sociedad partiendo en sus diferencias de raza, género, sexualidad, lengua. Por lo tanto hay que centrarse para que hacemos estudios literarios enmarcados dentro de un macro cosmos de estudios culturales (véase 9). En Latinoamérica los estudios culturales han sido practicados desde los 80s y con escritores que han tenido una orientación socio-política a sus análisis culturales en la región.
Los estudios culturales se centran, tomando una idea política de transformación, en el análisis las prácticas culturales creados por grupos no mayoritarios de una sociedad partiendo en sus diferencias de raza, género, sexualidad, lengua. Por lo tanto hay que centrarse para que hacemos estudios literarios enmarcados dentro de un macro cosmos de estudios culturales (véase 9). En Latinoamérica los estudios culturales han sido practicados desde los 80s y con escritores que han tenido una orientación socio-política a sus análisis culturales en la región.
Ahora me
interesan los estudios INTERCULTURALES. El multiculturalismo y el
pluriculturalismo han dejado de ser foco de atención en las Americas para pasar
una interaccion de culturas. Tambien las ideas de transculturalidad y la
intraculturalidad han sido trabajados en estudios culturales y como se
relacionan con identidades interculturales y multilingües.
La cultura puede entenderse como dimensión y expresión de la vida
humana, mediante símbolos y artefactos; como el campo de producción,
circulación y consumo de signos; y como una praxis que se articula en una
teoría. Puede hablarse de cultura urbana, de cultura mediática, de cultura
popular, de cultura de masas, de cultura letrada. Quizá estas tres últimas
clasificaciones han sido de las más discutidas y polémicas, de manera que tanto
la cultura popular como la cultura de masas, han sido opuestas a la cultura
artística y a la letrada.
En: Diccionario de Estudios
Latinoamericanos, p. 72
Comentarios adicionales
Términos literarios
Structuralism: Originated in
opposition to phenomenology, instead of describing experience, the goal was to
identify the underlying structures that make it possible. Because of its
interest in how meaning is produced, structuralism treated the reader as the
site of underlying codes that meaning possible and as agent of meaning. In
literary studies, structuralism promotes a poetics interested in the
conventions that make literary works possible, it seeks not produce new
interpretations of works but to understand how they can have the meanings and
effects they have. In: Culler’s Literary
Theory, p. 125-6
Text: The actual
wording of a written work, as distinct form a reader’s (or theatrical director’s)
interpretation of its story, theme, subtext, etc., or a specific work chosen as
the object of analysis. In: Dictionary
Materiales en YouTube o la Internet
Estudios
Culturales en Latinoamérica
Diccionario
de Estudios Culturales Latinoamericanos
El legado de Stuart Hall en los Estudios Culturales
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